What is Nowruz and why is it celebrated?

Nowruz, meaning “new day” in Persian, is the Persian New Year, celebrated on the vernal equinox, marking the arrival of spring and the rebirth of nature. With over 3,000 years of history, it is both an ancient tradition and a celebration of life observed by over 300 million people worldwide.

Rooted in Zoroastrianism, Nowruz symbolises the triumph of light over darkness and the spirit of renewal. It blends pre-Islamic and Islamic influences and has become a public holiday in many countries across Central Asia, South Asia, and parts of the Middle East.

Historical Origins of Nowruz

Ancient Persian Roots

Nowruz originated during the Achaemenid Empire, where it was linked to seasonal rituals and the Persian calendar. The mythical king Jamshid is credited with introducing Nowruz after saving humanity from a harsh winter.

Influence of Zoroastrian Traditions

Zoroastrianism shaped Nowruz as a celebration of the spirit of humanity, emphasising nature’s cycles and light over darkness.

Evolution Through Islamic Eras

Despite the Muslim conquest, Nowruz persisted, integrating Islamic customs while maintaining its original meaning. Today, it is observed by Shia Muslims and others across diverse regions.

The Significance of Nowruz

Symbolism of Renewal and Rebirth

Nowruz highlights the arrival of spring, the spirit of renewal, and humanity’s connection with nature’s rhythms.

Global Cultural Recognition

The United Nations recognised Nowruz as an Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity, underscoring its role in fostering the culture of peace and unity.

Preparations and Customs of Nowruz

Spring Cleaning Rituals (Khaneh Tekani)

Weeks before Nowruz, families undertake spring cleaning to purify their homes and lives, reinforcing the importance of letting go of the old.

The Haft-Sin Table: A Central Feature

The Haft-Sin table displays seven symbolic items beginning with “S”:

• Sabzeh (wheat sprouts): rebirth
• Samanu (sweet wheat pudding): strength
• Senjed (oleaster): love
• Seer (garlic): health
• Seeb (apple): beauty
• Somāq (sumac): sunrise
• Serkeh (vinegar): patience

Other symbols: painted eggs, goldfish, hyacinths, coins, and a mirror.

Key Rituals and Activities

• Chaharshanbe Suri: Fire-jumping to cleanse negativity.
• Eidi: Elders gift money to children.
• Family gatherings: Strengthening community bonds.

Sizdah Bedar: The Outdoor Picnic

On the 13th day, families spend the day in nature for Sizdah Bedar, a custom to ward off bad luck and honour the renewal of nature.

Regional Variations of Nowruz

Celebrations in Iran

In Iran, Nowruz includes official holidays and is marked by visits to the homes of family, traditional dishes like Kuku Sabzi, and ritual practices such as Sizdah Bedar.

Nowruz Traditions in Afghanistan

In Afghanistan, Guli Surkh celebrates red tulips. Horse racing and ritual dances are common.

Customs in Central Asian Countries

In Uzbekistan and Tajikistan, Nowruz involves outdoor feasts, wheat germ planting, and communal games.

Nowruz in the Diaspora Communities

In cities like London, Toronto, and Los Angeles, the Persian diaspora celebrates Nowruz through festivals, music, and cultural events.

Contemporary Nowruz Celebrations

Integration into Modern Calendars

Nowruz is recognised as a national holiday in Iran and several Asian countries, and even commemorated at institutions like the University of Westminster and American University.

Cultural and Social Gatherings

Modern celebrations include exhibitions, cultural performances, and Nowruz markets.

The Lasting Legacy of Nowruz

Nowruz as a UNESCO Cultural Heritage

The United Nations designated Nowruz as part of the world’s cultural heritages, affirming its significance in promoting human spirit and cultural diversity.

Influence on Modern Cultural Festivals

Nowruz traditions have influenced global spring festivals, with Amu Nowruz acting as a Persian Santa Claus figure in some celebrations.

What are Persian traditions for new year?

Traditions include spring cleaning, setting up a Haft-Sin table, fire-jumping rituals, family gatherings, and the Sizdah Bedar picnic.

Can Muslims celebrate Nowruz?

Yes, Shia Muslims and others across the region celebrate Nowruz as a cultural rather than strictly religious event.

Are Nowruz and Parsi new year the same?

No, Nowruz is the Persian New Year celebrated at the spring equinox, while Parsi New Year (Pateti) is observed by Zoroastrians in August.

TPM and Nowruz

Traditional Persian Medicine (TPM) aligns Nowruz with the Sanguine temperament, encouraging detoxification and light, fresh foods.

TPM Tips:

• Sip Damnoosh Gut Detox tea
• Use Sefidab Body Skin Detox
• Enjoy herbs like parsley, coriander, and dill