The four temperaments, originating from ancient Greek medicine, categorize personalities based on the balance of four bodily fluids (humors): sanguine (optimistic and social), choleric (ambitious and assertive), melancholic (thoughtful and sensitive), and phlegmatic (calm and reliable).

Resources:

• Hippocrates, On the Nature of Man (c. 460 BC)
• Galen, On the Elements (c. 175 AD)

Definition: Plants used for medicinal purposes.

Traditional Persian Medicine: Extensive use of various herbs for different ailments.

Examples used with Aloe Vera: Honey, rosewater, pistacia lentiscus, cinnamomum zeylanicum, etc.

Important: Consult a healthcare professional before using any herbs, as they can interact with medications or have side effects.

Safety: Research and understand potential risks and benefits before using any herb for medicinal purposes.

Resources:

• Hippocrates, On the Nature of Man (c. 460 BC)
• Galen, On the Elements (c. 175 AD)

Adverse effect: An unintended, harmful effect of a medication or herb.

Contraindication: A combination of substances that should not be used together due to potentially dangerous interactions.

Drug interaction: When a herb affects how a drug works, either increasing or decreasing its effectiveness or increasing the risk of side effects.

Therapeutic effect: The intended beneficial effect of a drug or herb.

Resources:

• National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH): https://www.nccih.nih.gov/
• Drugs.com Herb-Drug Interactions Checker: https://www.drugs.com/drug_interactions.html
• Natural Medicines Database: https://naturalmedicines.therapeuticresearch.com/
• Herb-Med Interactions: https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/diagnosis-treatment/symptom-management/integrative-medicine/herbs/search

History: Dates back thousands of years, influenced by Greek, Arabic, and Indian medicine.

Emphasis: Maintaining balance of four humors (blood, phlegm, yellow bile, black bile) in the body.

Treatment methods: Herbal remedies, diet, lifestyle changes, and physical therapies.

Resources:

• National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health: https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health
• World Health Organization: https://www.who.int/initiatives/who-global-traditional-medicine-centre